Within your paper, the in-text citation provides a reference to the source used for this information. You should use an in-text citation when you get any idea, direct quote, or paraphrase the source's information.
The citation is supposed to point the reader to the entry in the works cited page.
Looking at your works cited page, you will need to use the first word or words to identify which one on the works cited page to look at. It should be the first thing that is on the left-hand margin of that works cited entry.
There are many ways to format an in-text citation.
In-text citations for sources with known author
Most of the time, it will be Author's name and page number in parentheses.
"Throughout history, women and minority groups have been discriminated against in the United States." (Hewitt 89).
or you can use the author's name in a sentence and follow with page number:
According to Frank Hewitt, "Throughout history, women and minority groups have been discriminated against in the United States. (89).
In-text citation corporate author
"Romantic poetry was marked by an overflow of powerful feelings" (Nat'l Public Broadcast). ***abbreviations such as Nat'l are permitted in text)
In-text citation when there are two authors with same last name When you have two citations and the authors have the same last name then include first initials or full name if initials are the same.
The multiple physical symptoms of the terminally ill are compounded (R. Smith 15), as well as the psychological symptoms (A. Smith 45).
In-text citations with an item that has two authors
Listening is at the heart of school transformation (Bollinger and Childers 7).
In-text citations with an item that has three authors or more
The season also includes such notable episodes as"Mirror, Mirror" (Smith et al. 237).
In-text citations when an author is listed more than once in the works cited. Because the author has several works in your works cited you will have to include the name of the item to which you are referring.
Works cited entries: Baker, Candace. All Hands on Deck. McGraw-Hill, 2007. Baker, Candace. To Battlestations. McGraw-Hill. 2009.
In-text citation: When a ship runs aground, the captain has to get the ship moving to "kedge off" (Baker, To Battlestations, 14). In-text citation of a multivolume work If you cite from different volumes of a work, then tell what volume and page from which it comes. They challenged administrators to cut the budget more (2: 24-28).
If it is a media item (podcast, movie, youtube, etc...) you need to provide the range of time in which the item cited occurs (00:03:34-00:03:57)
In-text citations with no known author
Use a shortened title of the work and put in quotation marks if it is an article and italicize if it is a longer work (book, whole website, TV show, play) and if possible a page number.
"Militarists believe that war is always good and pacifists believe that war is always bad" (Taking sides).
original citation: Taking sides on difficult thinking. McGraw-Hill, 2016.
In-text citation of an indirect source - Not highly recommended and it is better to find the original source instead. If it is a source cited within a source then you need to cite the indirect source.
Diaz asked the students to explain what they meant. "They broke it down for me—how kids are separated into different tracks when they enter and how they understood exactly where they fit in the hierarchy" (qtd. in Roberts 432).
In-text citation of multiple citations The township prviously reported that local fundraising was enough. (Brown 4; Krepps 25).